Treatment of kidney stones may include surgical options, known as kidney stone surgeries. These surgeries, which can be performed in different ways, are surgical methods used to remove kidney stones. Each method has its own specific risks and effects.

Depending on the type of kidney stone surgery, different risk factors may arise. Lets examine the risk factors associated with each type of surgery.

For small stones that can pass on their own, medication is often used as a treatment method, and the potential side effects of these medications are considered among the risk factors.

In minimally invasive kidney stone surgeries (RIRS), as with any surgical procedure, there are possible complications and associated risks.

These include high fever, urinary tract infection, bleeding in the urine, injury to the ureter (the channel between the kidney and bladder), inability to reach the stone, and incomplete fragmentation of the stone, which may require a second session.

Although ureteral rupture is a rare complication, if it occurs, it may necessitate conversion to open surgery. These are some of the possible risks associated with minimally invasive kidney stone surgery (RIRS).

Surgical risks should be discussed and clarified with the surgeon before deciding on surgery.

Open kidney stone surgeries (Pyelolithotomy/Nephrolithotomy) also carry certain risks and possible complications. These should be thoroughly discussed with a specialist before making a decision, and the decision should be made with full awareness of the risks.

Regarding the risks of open kidney stone surgery, also known as Pyelolithotomy or Nephrolithotomy, we can start by mentioning that muscle pain may occur after the operation due to the position of your body during surgery.

This is one of the less serious risks of the surgery. Another risk is possible bleeding from major kidney vessels. If this occurs, additional surgery and blood transfusion may be required.

During surgery, the kidney may be found to be adherent to the intestines. In such cases, removal of the affected part of the intestine may be necessary. As a result, the surgical wound may be larger, and temporary or permanent ileostomy or colostomy may be required.

As a result of all these, the hospital stay may be prolonged. Occult bleeding in the abdomen is another risk. If this occurs, fluid therapy or additional surgical intervention may be needed.

Additional surgery is usually required when bleeding cannot be stopped or controlled. Among possible infection complications is the accumulation of pus in the abdomen. Treatment may involve surgical drainage or antibiotic therapy.

In male patients, postoperative difficulty in emptying the bladder may require a urinary catheter. This is usually temporary and lasts until normal urinary function returns. In overweight patients, partial or complete wound dehiscence may be observed.

Adhesions between the intestines may develop after surgery. These complications can occur in the short or long term and may require surgical intervention. Conditions such as kidney failure may develop, possibly necessitating dialysis.

Intestinal injury may occur, leading to leakage of intestinal contents. After surgery, bowel movements may slow down or even stop. In such cases, which cause bloating and vomiting, fluid therapy, antibiotics, and surgical intervention may be required.