Prof. Dr. Gökhan Koç

In Which Situations Is Cystoscopy Performed?

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In Which Situations Is Cystoscopy Performed?

Cystoscopy can be performed to detect strictures in the lower urinary tract, inflammations in the lower urinary tract, urethral tumors, prostate enlargement, prostate tumors, bladder stones, tumors and inflammations, internal urinary tract obstructions, and for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence causes.

Cystoscopy can be used for diagnostic purposes in cases such as visible blood in the urine, urinary incontinence, painful urination, overactive bladder, inability to insert a catheter, recurrent urinary tract infections, trauma, injuries, and removal of foreign bodies.

It is also one of the preferred treatment methods for treating urethral obstructions, removing stones, ulcers, and tumors in the bladder, removing stents and foreign bodies from the urinary tract and bladder, and treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

In women, cystoscopy is applied in cases of injuries within the urinary tract, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, suspicion of gynecological cancer, urine leakage from the vagina, post-void dribbling, recurrent urinary tract infections, and treatment of urinary incontinence.

Cystoscopy is also used for follow-up purposes, in addition to investigating causes of urinary tract infections and hematuria detected in urine analysis.

Cystoscopy should not be performed in patients with active urinary tract infection, severe prostatic obstruction, general health deterioration, bleeding diathesis, or very low bladder capacity.

If visible blood is present during urination or blood is detected in urine analysis, cystoscopy is performed to investigate the cause of the bleeding by visualizing the inside of the bladder.

In patients who have undergone surgery for bladder cancer, cystoscopy is performed at regular intervals to check for recurrence. In people with frequent urinary tract infections, cystoscopy is used to investigate underlying causes.

Additionally, cystoscopy is used during TUR-Prostate surgery (resection of the prostate via the urethra for benign prostatic hyperplasia), dilation of urethral strictures, endoscopic fragmentation of bladder stones, and temporary catheter placement into the upper urinary tract and kidney.

Contraindications for cystoscopy include untreated or unresolved urinary tract infection, advanced prostate enlargement with associated obstruction, general health deterioration, coagulation disorders, and very small bladder capacity.

This procedure, cystoscopy, is performed both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most common reason for performing cystoscopy is to investigate whether hematuria is due to bladder cancer.

It is also very useful for follow-up in patients who have undergone endoscopic bladder cancer surgery at regular intervals.

Furthermore, endoscopic prostate surgery (TUR), treatment of urethral strictures, fragmentation of bladder stones, and catheterization of the upper urinary tract are other frequent indications.

As mentioned above, the situations in which cystoscopy is performed, its necessity in women, contraindications, and points to consider before, during, and after the procedure are as described.

The severity, course, and duration of your disease play an important role in these situations.

Reference: Ekici, S. How or in whom can cystoscopy intervals be extended in the follow-up of bladder cancer?.

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